The saga of the ivory trade and the elephant’s future

In our age of high-tech capabilities it beggars belief that we are unable to stop poaching once and for all

Elephants head, ivory trade, CITES
Safe until his growing tusk makes it profitable to kill him.

Yet again the illegal ivory trade and the killing of elephants is in the news with the UK  Environment Secretary Michael Gove at the forefront of the publicity announcing new measures to end the slaughter. I hate to think how many times have I heard this over the last forty years.

So many mixed messages it all becomes a bit of a farce.

The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) was heralded as being the saviour of endangered species back in 1976 and several hundred countries signed up with the UK being one of the first but most, including the UK, never took it that seriously in enforcing it. In effect it was just a trade agreement and not for the protection of animals and I remember listening in disgust when attending the CITES conference in Buenos Aires in 1983 to countries discussing the size of quotas on elephant culling on the pretext that they were destroying the trees and habitat. Jump forward thirty years and elephants are now being complimented on shaping the landscape and making space for new plants and trees to grow when they tramp through the forest. Source

The UK has been its usual hypocritical self by being fully involved in the ivory trade for decades and according to a recent report exported 36,000 items between 2010 and 2015 more than three times the next largest exporter, the USA. Source 

The problem is that despite campaigning the situation hasn’t changed over the last 50 years

There has been the usual massaging of figures on how many elephants are poached and how many are left in Africa and the same doom laden prophecy of extinction within ten years. Some reports state that 50 elephants are being killed each day while others quote over a hundred. Estimates state that there are 380,000 African elephants left, a third of them in Botswana and that 144,000 have died in the last 10 years. Others reckon we are losing 30,000 each year which would equate to 300,000 in 10 years. The UK Environment Secretary Michael Gove recently quoted 20,000 killed every year so who really knows. Source  Rarely do figures differentiate between those that may have died naturally or through accidents, disease, malnutrition and legal hunting over the decades.There are so many mixed messages it all becomes a bit of a farce.

African elephant, baby elephant, poaching, ivory trade
We must make sure there is a future for such wonderful creatures.

The bottom line is that is doesn’t really matter what the correct figures are as long as it highlights the plight of the elephant and keeps the subject in the news and public awareness. The problem is that despite campaigning the situation hasn’t really changed over the last 50 years and unfortunately there is little chance it will improve in the future.

As long as there are cash rich people willing to spend money on unnecessary trinkets to prove their wealth and status we will continue to have an illegal ivory trade. And there will always be the corruptible government officials and traders to make it possible. In our age of high-tech capabilities it beggars belief that we are unable to stop poaching once and for all, but unfortunately there has never been the will to tackle the problem on a sustained basis and probably never will be.

Forty years on we still have poaching

Elephants have been my favourite animals ever since I first went to Africa in 1972 when I was dumbfounded by my first close up and personal encounter with them. I was lucky enough to make several visits to them during the 1970’s and 80’s and once lived for several months in Kenya. I have sat for hours and days watching them live their peaceful and complex lives and have always believed that no one should have the right to harm or kill such intelligent, family orientated and magnificent animals either for legitimate or illicit purposes.

Elephant herd, waterhole, ivory trade, CITES, poaching
It was an uplifting experience to find hundreds of elephants still enjoying life. Long may it continue.

Even at that time there were prophecies that the poaching would eradicate elephants within ten years, but here we are 40 years later and they are still surviving and we still have poaching and the ivory trade.

Recently I returned with my elephant loving partner to Africa after a twenty-five year gap and visited the Etosha National Park in Namibia purely to wallow for ten days in the presence of elephants, rhinos and lions, but expecting in the present climate of doom to see none. It was an uplifting and almost spiritual experience to find hundreds of elephants still roaming the landscape and I was even more delighted to see dozens of babies of all ages. The visit gave us continuing hope that there may be a future for the elephant. I am pleased to relate that we also saw many rhinos and lions. Long may it continue.

Fund-raising Giant Pandas for rent and loan.

Updated 2023

Giant Pandas are “rented” out by China to zoos across the world on ten-year contracts costing a million dollars per year and all the proceeds are allegedly used to fund their conservation, the breeding centres and their release back into the wild.

They always come in pairs in the hope they will breed. The zoos pray they will breed as any cubs born will boost their visitors and make them tens of millions in revenue. Any cub born costs the zoos a further “baby tax” and are returned to China for breeding at 2 to 3 years old to support a healthy gene pool.

My main concern is that the system seems to revolve around making money for the zoos and not any conservation purpose or perhaps I am being too cynical. In fact only 90 cubs  have apparently been born outside China in 35 years. There is no doubt though, that a zoo which can afford to keep a pair of pandas is on to a winner.

Giant pandas
This is poor Ya Ya who was shipped back to China with partner Le Le after being rented to Memphis Zoo for twenty years.

Giant Pandas can assure a zoo’s financial future

Zoos want them and are willing to pay the astronomical prices for them because they can bolster their financial future by drawing in the crowds. In 2012, Toronto Zoo paid the going price of $1 million per annum for a pair and they produced two cubs which resulted in visitor numbers shooting up and the bucks rolling in.

In 2017, the zoo allowed their move to Calgary Zoo which spent $30 million on facilities to house them and cope with the expected increase in visitors, but will make tens of millions more on the investment. At least four zoos in the USA have Pandas and pay the yearly fee for the “privilege of housing” them.

Visitor numbers shoot up.

Edinburgh zoo rented a pair in 2011 with the 10 year contract costing £600,000 a year and they must be returned at the end of  this agreement. Not that the zoo is too worried as visitor numbers shot up by 4 million in the first two years at £16 plus a head.

But the crowds have a habit of losing interest if a cub is not born to reinvigorate the attraction and so zoo owners pray that they will mate. Luckily a cub was born in 2017 to much excitement and media coverage and probably to the relief of the zoo’s accountants.

Captive numbers have increased, but for what?

The number of wild and captive Pandas has increased to over 2,000 and the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) have downgraded their endangered species label to “vulnerable”, but this does not mean that they are plentiful in the wild or will ever be, as there is very little room in suitable habitats for their release.

China has bred and reared over 400 giant pandas and love to show off all the cute babies to world acclaim, but allegedly only 10 have ever been released into the wild since 1983 and only two of these have survived which appears to make a total nonsense of breeding them  for release.

Few are being released into the wild successfully

Some cynics have suggested that the Giant Panda is used as a “strategic asset for geopolitical reasons because of the many trade agreements coinciding with their arrival in a country. The Pandas at Edinburgh coincided with a £2.6 billion worth of trade contracts for Britain. Zoos in France, Canada, Australia, Malaysia and Thailand also received Pandas following trade agreements.

So what we have is dozens of Pandas being shipped around the world as fund-raisers for zoos and their own conservation. Is this a bad thing or is this the future for conserving species and a policy based on commercialism that we have to increasingly accept. Giant Pandas have become just tradeable merchandise.